Twist lace and in the method of making the same



Peb. 20, 1923.

W. C. HOPEWELL TWIST LACE AND IN THE METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME lFiled sept. 1,4, 1922 5 ,sheets-sheet 1 Feb. 20, 1923. l,446,184

W. C. HOPEWELL TWIST LACE AND IN THE METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Sept. 14, 1922 5 sheets-sheet 5 ATT'y.

Fatented Feb. 20, i923.

i wirr fr sterline WILLIAM CHARLES HOPEVJELL, 0F DRAYCOTT, ENGLAND. i

Application filed September To @ZZ fro/om t may concern: j

l Be it known that li, WILLIAM CHARLES HornwnLL, a subject ofthe King of Great Britain, residingv at Victoria Mills, .Draycott, in the county of Derby, in England, have inventedImprovements in Twist Lace and in the Methods ofV Making the Same, of which the following;` is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in twist lace and in the method of making the same, and has particular,` although not eX-' elusive, reference to the production of fabrics adapted for use in the manufacture of gas mantles and the like.

The principal object of the invention is to produce a fabric of the type referred to which presents two distinct plies or webs and which is adapted to withstand a longitudinal strain. u y y A further object of the invention is to produce simultaneously on one and the same machine twoy of such fabrics independently, or alternatively to produce such fabrics in tubular formation.

According to this invention, and `for the production of only one fabric, the machine is fitted with four sets of warp or steel bars.

The threads' carried by the first two sets of bars, which are superior to (i. ein front of). the last two sets of bars, may be con veniently termed loop threads. The threads carried by the set of bars next to said two sets of bars may be convenient-ly termed cross' threads, and the threads carried by the set of bars which is inferior to (i. eat the back of) the aforementioned sets of bars `may conveniently be termed pillar threads. j

The principal feature of this invention consists in producing a fabric on twist lace machines which is composed of or presents two distinct webs, one of said wehs` being produced by so actuating the loop threads that each loop thread always twists with one and the same bobbin thread, adjacent loop threads twisting with adjacent bobb in threads and the loop threads crossing or twistingwith one another intermediate the hobbins vith which they respectively twist.

A further feature of this invention consists in the production of the second `web of said fabric by means of cross threads which do not twist with the bobbin threads, but are always laid under or are always laid over the bobbin threads and tied thereto by 4pillar threads, each of such latter threads 14, 192e. serial N0. 585,131..

twisting` with the same bobbin thread ateach motion ofthe machine.

. In the production `of a fabric according to this invention adjacent loop threads are y carried by independent adjacent sets of bars, such two sets of bars as previously statetl'being` the most superior i. e. ifa front fabric is being produced. If a. back fabric is being` produced then 4the' bars carryingl the loop threads. would kappear as the Amost superior `from the back of the machine. Shogginp; of thev warp bars is effected in any lusu'al and convenient manner customary t'ot'wist lace machines and on every fourth motion the two sets of hars carryingthe loop threads are shogged simultaneously..in the saine di7 rection over two gaits firstin one direction and then in the other direction. In the two intermediate motions one of such sets stands, that is to say, runs parallel with the bobbin threads while the other set is shogged one gait at each motion first in one direction and then in the opposite direction and each set alternately rests whilef the other" set is so shogg'ed.` Accordingly each loop thread always twists with one and the same bobbin thread. y j

- rlhe set of bars carrying the cross threads is shogged two gaits first in one direction and then in the opposite direction yevery` other motion of the machine so that when such bars are shogged the carriages. are always in the same position relativelythereto i. e. the carriages areeither always inthe front combs or are always in the back combs. T he pillar threads are shogrn'ed one gait every motion first in' one direction and then inthe other direction. j

Une motion may he expressed` the time taken for the carriages to swing; through from` one set of combs to the opposite of combs as is well understood in the art.

'It will be appreciated that by reason .of producing" a fabricin the above manner equal and opposite lateral forces are vexerted on each bobbin so that the pillars remain vertical and further the cross threads strengthen the fabric without distortingT said pillars.

In order that this invention may beniore readily understood reference will now he made to the accompanying' drawings .where Fig. l is a diagrammatic view lsho'wing bobbin thread is intermediate two back fio ` tion of the fabric.

howy the threads are laid for the production of a front fabric according to this inventio-n.

`Fig. 2 isa diagrammatic view showing how the threads are laid for the production of a back fabric according to this invention. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating how the threads are laid for the purpose of joining a back and front fabric or for the purpose of forming a tubular fabric.

Fig. 4 illustratesv a front fabric woven in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-section view of the fabric, taken approximately on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4.

. into the back fabric are represented at 5,51,

b2, etc. -vIt will be noticed that each front bobbin threads and each back bobbin is intermediate two front bobbins. That is to say, the bobbin threads in each fabric, both back and front, are spaced two gaits apart.

Further it will be appreciated that if it is desired to produce only a front fabric the back bobbin threads in Fig. 1 will be dispensed with and in this case the front bob bins could be spaced two gaits apart as shown or could be spaced one gait apart and the movements of the other threads modified to correspond. v

Following the motions of the threads as shown in Fig. 1 it will be seen that each loop thread 2 twists twice with one bobbin thread f while the loop threads 1 stand untwisted, that is, they run parallel with the bobbin thread. All of the loop threads are then shogged two gaits to the left (i. e. two gaits of the front fabric or web) and each loop thread 1 twists twice with one bobbin thread f while the loop threads 2 stand untwisted.

All the loop threads are then shogged two gaits to the right to their starting position and the cycle of movements of Y' the loop threadsr is completed. This cycle of movements is continued throughout the produc- Each cross thread 3 is shogged two gaits first in one direction and then in the Vother direction, .such shogging being simultaneous withand in the opposite direction from the shogging of the loop threads on the motions when all of such latter threads are shogged two gaits.

The cross threadsfdo not twist'with the bobbin threads f, 7" vbut are' tied to the adjacent bob-binthreads which they cross by the pillar warp threads 4. Each pillar warp f thread twists continuously with one and the same bobbin thread i. e. each pillar thread is shogged one gait first in one direction and then in the opposite direction on `each motion. The cross threads are under the bobbin threads f, f1 on each motion. and although such threads are above the pillar threads 4, yet by reason of such latter threads continuously twisting with the bobbin threads the cross threads are tied to the bobbin threads. n y

It will be noticed from Fig. 1 that all the back bobbin threads 7o, b1, b2, etc. are behind all the other threads since these bobbin threads do not constitute part of the `front fabric. The manner in which the back fabric is producedis represented at Fig. 2, the reference numerals 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a in this figure respectively corresponding to the reference numerals l, 2, 3 and 4 shown in Fig. 1.

It will be appreciated however that since the back fabric is produced on the back of the machine the superiority `of the Athreads 1, 2, 3 and 4a will be the reverse of lthat of the threads 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the front fabric. y,

For further elucidating this point it may be stated that the representation of the fabric in Fig. 2 is as seen from the front of the machine, but were this fabric to be represented as seen from the back of the machine the representation would be substantially the same as that shown in Fig. 1.

The movements of the loop threads 1 and 2a are substantially the same as the movements of the threads 1 and 2. The inovements of the threads 8a and-4a are similarly substantially the same as the movements of the threads 3 and 4 respectively.

lt will again be seen that the cross threads 3 do not twist with the bobbin threads Z), b1 but always pass over such threads and are tied to the adjacent bobbin threads over which they cross by the mostv superior threads 4a which latter threads are shogged first in one direction and then in the other, each pillar thread always twisting with one and the same bobbin at each motion.

The front bobbin threads f, f1, in 2 are shown in front of all the other threads. lf only a backv fabric were being produced such threads would not beshown but they are represented here for the purpose of assisting` to show the relative disposition of all the threads when a front and back fabric are being produced.

ln F 1 is represented in dotted lines a portion ofthe back fabric being woven on to the bobbin threads b1, o, for the pui'- pose of illustrating the relative disposition of the two fabrics but the bach fabric has not been represented complete in Fig. 1. `ithas been thought desirable to show the bach and front fabrics separately, firstly, for the vsalte of clearness, andsecondly, because iso such two fabrics are entirely independent of one another. Similarly in the above description the distance between the adjacent n chine one gait represents the distance between an adjacent back and front bobbin but as stated the back and front fabrics are and have been treated inthis specification as independent fabrics. Were only a front fabric being produced the loop and cross threads would weave with adjacent bobbin threads l), f1 1, f2 b2, etc. and the above interpretation of gaits has therefore been adopted for: the sake of clcarness.

ln other words if only one fabric is being produced all of the bobbin threads will be preferably woven into that fabric and the two gait movements as above described would be two gaits of the machine and not two gaits of the fabric. y n

For the purpose of joining the front and back lfabrics orfor forming tubular fabric certain of the pillar threads of each fabric are woven with and certain of the cross threads of each fabric are tied to one and the same bobbin. In other words the front and back fabrics weave or embrace a common bobbin thread. The manner in which the threads are laid toproduce this result is represented in Fig. 3.

The loop and cross threads l, 2 and 3 ofv the front fabric weave with the front bobbin f and the back bobbin Z9 andl the loop and cross threads la7 2a and 3a of the back thread wea-ve with the back bobbin and the front bobbin f. f l

By joining` the front and back fabrics at each lateral edge of any convenient width of fabric, tubes may be produced and such tubes mai be convenientl 'oined b 1 lacinff threads in a manner well known in the art.

Further if one or two distinct fabrics are produced such fabrics may be produced in any convenient widths and joined by lacing threads. f

Figs. l, 2 and 3 are'intended to represent the manner in which the threads are laid for the production of a fabric in accordance with this invention and Fig. 4 is intended to represent the fabric so produced.

Freni this figure it will be noticedy that the loop threads slip over the bobbins on the motions on which such former threads stand and twist with one another intermediate adjacent bobbins. The cross threads and pillar threads remain substantially as laid.

It will be appreciated that by reason of producing a fabric as herein described the loop threads maybe carried by one and the same beam seeing that the motions of their respective bars are identical and the tension of these threads will therefore be equal. Further, the vertical pillars of the fabric impartto it the quality of withstanding longitudinal stress, this featurey being particularly desirable in the manufacture of tubular fabrics for mantles and like purposes.

Additionally, as previously stated7 each fabric is in effect the combination of two fabrics independent of one another, one' of said 'fabrics or faces consisting of or being presented by the loop threads in combination with the bobbin threads and the other face being presented by the cross threads in combination with the bobbin threads. ingly if one of the loop threads breaks the face presented by the cross threads remains intact and vice versa and therefore the fabric in its entirety `remains intact.

The feature of producing a fabric with two independent webs as above described is of particular importance in connection with the production of gas and similar mantle fabrics. Not only is the mantle strength` ened and the life thereof prolonged but fur- Accordi ther the gas impinging on such a fabric is i directed from the first web to thesecond web and in thus percolating the fabric more `complete combustion ofthe gas is obtained.V

I claim 1. A fabricpresenting two distinct webs adapted for production on twist lace machines comprising a plurality of sets of warp of warp threads being twisted always with one and the same bobbin thread, adjacent bobbin threads twisting the one `with a warp of one set and the other withl the warp cf another set7 adjacent warp threads twisting with one another intermediate the bobbin threads with which they twist and such threads forming one web of the fabric.

2. A fabric as characterized inthe preceding claim and .wherein the second web is formed by a set of pillar threads 4of which there is one to each bobbin thread, each of said pillar threads being twisted with one and the same bobbin thread, and tying each of said bobbin threads with one of the re-` maining warp threads whereby said last warp threads are caused to lie on adjacent bobbin threads.

3. A process of producing a lace fabric composed of bobbin and warp threads and 95 and bobbin threads, one thread of each setA having a front and a back web, consisting of W'ILLIAM CHARLES HOPEWELL.

\ VVtnesses:

" ERIEs POTTER,

FRANK AUGUSTUSj DADY. 

